Enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography features of two types of Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease: fuzzy or lost pattern of the choroidal vasculature is of diagnostic value.

Objective: This study aimed to compare enhanced depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT) features of exudative retinal detachment (ERD) type and optic disc (OD) swelling type Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease. Methods: Hospitalized VKH patients were retrospectively reviewed and classified into the ERD type and the OD swelling type. The EDI-OCT features were then analyzed. Results: The study included 32 ERD type and 15 OD swelling type VKH patients at the acute uveitis stage. The interval between the onset of ocular symptoms and the start of treatment in OD swelling type VKH disease was significantly longer compared to the ERD type (p < 0.001). A fuzzy or lost pattern of the choroidal vasculature was observed in 100% of VKH patients of both types. Moreover, high frequencies (greater than or equal to 50%) of fluctuations in the internal limiting membrane, interdigitation zone disruption, ERD, retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) folds, and ellipsoid zone disruption were observed in both types. Patients with OD swelling type VKH disease exhibited higher frequencies of OD swelling and hyperreflective substances above the RPE (p < 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively), with lower frequencies of ERD and bacillary layer detachment (p = 0.012 and p < 0.001, respectively). At the convalescence stage, changes in the EDI-OCT images of 10 ERD type and 5 OD swelling type VKH patients were analyzed. The frequencies of the OCT features decreased with similar trends in both types of VKH disease. Conclusion: Although ERD type and OD swelling type VKH disease have their own unique characteristics, they share common EDI-OCT features. The Fuzzy or lost pattern of the choroidal vasculature that indicates choroidal inflammation may serve as a diagnostic aid for VKH disease, especially for the OD swelling type and the early-stage ERD type.

A Bayesian benchmark concentration analysis for urinary fluoride and intelligence in adults in Guizhou, China.

Environmental fluoride exposure has been linked to numerous cases of fluorosis worldwide. Previous studies have indicated that long-term exposure to fluoride can result in intellectual damage among children. However, a comprehensive health risk assessment of fluorosis-induced intellectual damage is still pending. In this research, we utilized the Bayesian Benchmark Dose Analysis System (BBMD) to investigate the dose-response relationship between urinary fluoride (U-F) concentration and Raven scores in adults from Nayong, Guizhou, China. Our research findings indecate a dose-response relationship between the concentration of U-F and intelligence scores in adults. As the benchmark response (BMR) increased, both the benchmark concentration (BMCs) and the lower bound of the credible interval (BMCLs) increased. Specifically, BMCs for the association between U-F and IQ score were determined to be 0.18 mg/L (BMCL1 = 0.08 mg/L), 0.91 mg/L (BMCL5 = 0.40 mg/L), 1.83 mg/L (BMCL10 = 0.83 mg/L) when using BMRs of 1 %, 5 %, and 10 %. These results indicate that U-F can serve as an effective biomarker for monitoring the loss of IQ in population. We propose three interim targets for public policy in preventing interllectual harm from fluoride exposure.

Clinical significance of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70 in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

Background & Aims: Small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 subunit 70 (SNRNP70) as one of the components of the U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) is rarely reported in cancers. This study aims to estimate the application potential of SNRNP70 in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) clinical practice. Methods: Based on the TCGA database and cohort of HCC patients, we investigated the expression patterns and prognostic value of SNRNP70 in HCC. Then, the combination of SNRNP70 and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 278 HCC cases was analyzed. Next, western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of SNRNP70 in nucleus and cytoplasm. Finally, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and scratch wound healing assays were used to detect the effect of SNRNP70 on the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Results: SNRNP70 was highly expressed in HCC. Its expression was increasingly high during the progression of HCC and was positively related to immune infiltration cells. Higher SNRNP70 expression indicated a poor outcome of HCC patients. In addition, nuclear SNRNP70/AFP combination could be a prognostic biomarker for overall survival and recurrence. Cell experiments confirmed that knockdown of SNRNP70 inhibited the proliferation and migration of HCC cells. Conclusion: SNRNP70 may be a new biomarker for HCC progression and HCC diagnosis as well as prognosis. SNRNP70 combined with serum AFP may indicate the prognosis and recurrence status of HCC patients after operation.

Nomogram for predicting surgical site infections in elderly patients after open lumbar spine surgery: A retrospective study.

The aim of this study is to develop a nomogram to assess the risk of surgical site infection in elderly patients undergoing open lumbar spine surgery and explore related risk factors. We reviewed the records of 578 elderly patients who had undergone open lumbar spine surgery. The clinical parameters were subjected to lasso regression and logistic regression analyses. Subsequently, a nomogram was constructed to predict the risk of postoperative surgical site infection and validated using bootstrap resampling. A total of 578 patients were included in the analysis, of which 17 were diagnosed as postoperative surgical site infection. Following the final logistic regression analysis, obesity, hypoalbuminemia and drinking history were identified as independent risk factors and subsequently incorporated into the nomogram. The nomogram demonstrated excellent discrimination, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.879 (95% CI 0.769 ~ 0.989) after internal validation. The calibration curve exhibited a high level of consistency. Decision curve analysis revealed that this nomogram had greater clinical value when the risk threshold for surgical site infection occurrence was >1% and <89%. We had developed a nomogram for predicting the risk of postoperative surgical site infection in elderly patients who had undergone open lumbar spine surgery. Validation using bootstrap resampling demonstrated excellent discrimination and calibration, indicating that the nomogram may hold potential clinical utility as a simple predictive tool for healthcare professionals.

'Environmental standard limit concentration' arsenic exposure is associated with anxiety, depression, and autism-like changes in early-life stage zebrafish.

Arsenic is a worldwide environmental pollutant that can impair human health. Previous studies have identified mental disorders induced by arsenic, but the environmental exposure concentrations in the early life stages associated with these disorders are poorly understood. In the present study, early-life stage zebrafish were used to explore the effects on mental disorders under 'environmental standard limit concentrations' arsenic exposures of 5, 10, 50, 150, and 500 µg/L. The results showed that arsenic exposure at these concentrations changed the locomotor behavior in larval zebrafish and was further associated with anxiety, depression, and autism-like behavior in both larval and juvenile zebrafish. Changes were noted at benchmark dose limit (BMDL) concentrations as low as 0.81 µg/L. Transcriptomics showed that immediate early genes (IEGs) fosab, egr1, egr2a, ier2b, egr3, and jund were decreased after arsenic exposure in larval and juvenile zebrafish. Nervous system impairment and anxiety, depression, and autism-like behaviors in early-life stage zebrafish at 'environmental standard limit concentrations' may be attributed to the downregulation of IEGs. These findings in zebrafish provided new experimental support for an arsenic toxicity threshold for mental disorders, and they suggest that low levels of environmental chemicals may be causative developmental factors for mental disorders.

Clinical significance of ribosome production factor 2 homolog in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis increases the risk of cancer. RPF2 (ribosome production factor 2 homolog), a member of the BRIX family, is involved in ribosome biogenesis. However, the biological functions of RPF2 in HCC remain unclear. This study aims to evaluate the function of RPF2 and its clinical significance in HCC. We collected 45 pairs of HCC/adjacent samples and 291 HCC samples. These samples were used to perform immunohistochemical analysis and western blot. Six cell lines were used to perform western blot, and two of cell lines, SMCC-7721 and SNU449, were subjected to CCK-8, wound healing and transwell assays. Immunofluorescence staining was executed in SMCC-7721 cells. The protein levels of RPF2 were higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent tissues. Immunofluorescence staining showed that the RPF2 protein was located in the nucleuses, especially the nucleolus. Furthermore, the immunohistochemical analysis showed that high expression levels of nuclear RPF2 correlated with poor prognosis, vascular invasion, liver cirrhosis and tumor size. Cell experiments showed that overexpression of RPF2 promoted cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while knockdown of RPF2 tended to show the opposite effect. This is the first report that RPF2 is involved in HCC progression. The levels of RPF2 were significantly high in HCC tumors and had a side effect on prognosis in HCC patients. RPF2 has the potential to be a useful marker for HCC.

Ketogenic diet-produced ß-hydroxybutyric acid accumulates brain GABA and increases GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit epilepsy.

Ketogenic diet (KD) alleviates refractory epilepsy and reduces seizures in children. However, the metabolic/cell biologic mechanisms by which the KD exerts its antiepileptic efficacy remain elusive. Herein, we report that KD-produced ß-hydroxybutyric acid (BHB) augments brain gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and the GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit epilepsy. The KD ameliorated pentetrazol-induced epilepsy in mice. Mechanistically, KD-produced BHB, but not other ketone bodies, inhibited HDAC1/HDAC2, increased H3K27 acetylation, and transcriptionally upregulated SIRT4 and glutamate decarboxylase 1 (GAD1). BHB-induced SIRT4 de-carbamylated and inactivated glutamate dehydrogenase to preserve glutamate for GABA synthesis, and GAD1 upregulation increased mouse brain GABA/glutamate ratio to inhibit neuron excitation. BHB administration in mice inhibited epilepsy induced by pentetrazol. BHB-mediated relief of epilepsy required high GABA level and GABA/glutamate ratio. These results identified BHB as the major antiepileptic metabolite of the KD and suggested that BHB may serve as an alternative and less toxic antiepileptic agent than KD.

Blockade of the lncRNA-DOT1L-LAMP5 axis enhances autophagy and promotes degradation of MLL fusion proteins.

BACKGROUND: Mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) fusion gene caused by chromosomal rearrangement is a dominant oncogenic driver in leukemia. Due to having diverse MLL rearrangements and complex characteristics, MLL leukemia treated by currently available strategies is frequently associated with a poor outcome. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify novel therapeutic targets for hematological malignancies with MLL rearrangements. METHODS: qRT-PCR, western blot, and spearman correction analysis were used to validate the regulation of LAMP5-AS1 on LAMP5 expression. In vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to assess the functional relevance of LAMP5-AS1 in MLL leukemia cell survival. We utilized chromatin isolation by RNA purification (ChIRP) assay, RNA pull-down assay, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP), RNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and immunofluorescence to elucidate the relationship among LAMP5-AS1, DOT1L, and the LAMP5 locus. Autophagy regulation by LAMP5-AS1 was evaluated through LC3B puncta, autolysosome observation via transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and mRFP-GFP-LC3 puncta in autophagic flux. RESULTS: The study shows the crucial role of LAMP5-AS1 in promoting MLL leukemia cell survival. LAMP5-AS1 acts as a novel autophagic suppressor, safeguarding MLL fusion proteins from autophagic degradation. Knocking down LAMP5-AS1 significantly induced apoptosis in MLL leukemia cell lines and primary cells and extended the survival of mice in vivo. Mechanistically, LAMP5-AS1 recruits the H3K79 histone methyltransferase DOT1L to LAMP5 locus, directly activating LAMP5 expression. Importantly, blockade of LAMP5-AS1-LAMP5 axis can represses MLL fusion proteins by enhancing their degradation. CONCLUSIONS: The findings underscore the significance of LAMP5-AS1 in MLL leukemia progression through the regulation of the autophagy pathway. Additionally, this study unveils the novel lncRNA-DOT1L-LAMP5 axis as promising therapeutic targets for degrading MLL fusion proteins.

Anti-carbamylated protein antibodies drive AEC II toward a profibrotic phenotype by interacting with carbamylated TLR5.

OBJECTIVES: This study was to explore the role of Anti-carbamylated protein (Anti-CarP) antibodies in contributing to lung fibrosis in connective tissue disease (CTD)-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD) in an autoantigen-dependent manner. METHODS: ELISA tested serum samples, including 89 of CTD-ILD group and 170 of non-ILD CTD, for the anti-CarP levels. Male C57BL/6 mice were used for pulmonary fibrosis model and anti-CarP treatment in vivo (n = 5), and patient serum-derived or commercialized anti-CarP for cell treatment. We identified the carbamylated membrane protein via immunofluorescence (IF) and coimmunoprecipitation followed by mass spectrometry (MS) analysis. RT-qPCR, IF and western blot were performed to explore the antigen-dependent role of anti-CarP. Native electrophoretic mobility shift assay and MS analysis were used to verify direct interaction and carbamylation sites. RESULTS: A significantly higher serum anti-CarP level was observed in CTD with ILD than without ILD. In vivo, intrapulmonary delivery of anti-CarP induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and micro fibrotic foci. Carbamylation was enriched in type II alveolar epithelial cells (AEC II). A novel carbamylated membrane receptor, specifically recognized by anti-CarP, was identified as toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). We found anti-CarP induces the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and downstream events, including EMT and expression of inflammatory cytokines in AEC II, which were reversed by TLR5 blocking or TLR5 knockdown. Moreover, up to 12 lysine carbamylation sites were found in TLR5 ectodomain, allowing the interaction of anti-CarP with carbamylated TLR5. CONCLUSIONS: Overall, we found anti-CarP drives aberrant AEC II activation by interacting with carbamylated TLR5 to promote ILD progress.

Chronotype characteristics of professional athletes in China: a comprehensive descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Chronotype has gained recognition as a significant factor in enhancing athletic performance. This study aimed to deepen our understanding of athletes' sleep chronotypes and provide a foundation for developing evidence-based training and competition programs. By comprehensively describing and analyzing the chronotype characteristics of Chinese professional athletes, considering individual and sports factors, sleep quality and habits, and mental energy, this research aimed to contribute valuable insights to the field. METHODS: A sample of 1069 professional athletes from sports teams in Shanghai completed the Athlete Sleep Screening Questionnaire and the Athlete Mental Energy Scale to assess chronotype, sleep quality, sleep-influencing habits, and mental energy. RESULTS: Among athletes, sleep typology fell within the intermediate range, slightly leaning toward morningness. Male athletes and those who engaged in static sports displayed a greater propensity for morningness. Age correlated with a preference for eveningness. High-level athletes exhibited a stronger inclination toward eveningness. Sleep quality issues were associated with an inclination toward eveningness. Daily caffeine intake and the habit of using electronic devices before bedtime are also linked to eveningness. Chronotype demonstrated the ability to predict various dimensions of athletes' mental energy. It was the strongest predictor of vigor, but the loadings were smaller than those of sleep quality. CONCLUSION: Chinese athletes' chronotypes primarily exhibit distinct characteristics related to individual factors such as gender, sports discipline, and ranking, as well as habits like caffeine consumption and electronic device use. Moreover, these sleep patterns demonstrate predictive capabilities across all dimensions of athletes' mental energy. This study sheds light on Chinese athletes' unique sleep chronotype attributes, enriching our understanding of sleep patterns among professional athletes under various systems. These insights offer an initial basis for enhancing the effectiveness of athlete scheduling and training management.

[Meta-analysis of the relationship between maternal arsenic exposure and preterm birth].

OBJECTIVE: To systematic evaluate the association between maternal arsenic exposure and preterm birth. METHODS: A literature search was conducted through Pubmed, Web of Science, Embase, China Knowledge Network(CNKI), WanFang Data, Vip Chinese Journal Service Platform(VIP) with a time frame of November 2022 from the beginning of database construction. Meta-analysis of dichotomous variables was performed using Stata MP15 software, and a random or fixed effects model was chosen for the meta-analysis based on the heterogeneity result, with the ratio of ratios(OR) as the effect indicator; subgroup analysis was used to find characteristic changes; funnel plots were used to evaluate publication bias. RESULTS: A total of 15 papers with a sample size of(n=9 892 256 279), 10 prospective cohort studies, 3 retrospective cohort studies, and 2 cross-sectional studies, were included in 6 Chinese and 9 English papers. By Meta-analysis, the combined OR of preterm birth outcome was 1.06(95%CI 1.03-1.09); the result of subgroup analysis by exposure factors and region, the combined OR(95%CI) of hair, blood, urine, drinking water, and placenta were 0.97(0.56-1.69), 1.40(1.22-1.60), 1.04(0.93-1.17), 1.14(1.04-1.24) and 0.69(0.07-6.38). The combined OR(95%CI) were 1.17(1.04-1.31), 1.10(1.05-1.14), 0.69(0.07-6.38) and 1.17(1.01-1.36) for Asia, Americas, Europe and Africa, respectively. For subgroup analysis based on study type, the combined OR(95%CI) was 1.16(1.05-1.28), 1.01(1.01-1.02) and 1.65(0.73-3.74) for prospective cohort studies, retrospective cohort studies, and cross-sectional studies, respectively. CONCLUSION: Maternal arsenic exposure may contribute to the occurrence of preterm birth, and drinking water arsenic levels may be an important indicator for assessing human arsenic exposure and risk of causing preterm birth.

Profiles and integration of the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites in severe intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy.

BACKGROUND: The pathogenesis of intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy (ICP) remains unknown. The gut microbiome and its metabolites play important roles in bile acid metabolism, and previous studies have indicated the association of the gut microbiome with ICP. METHODS: We recruited a cohort of 5100 participants, and 20 participants were enrolled in the severe ICP group, matched with 20 participants in the mild ICP group and 20 controls. 16S rRNA sequencing and nontargeting metabolomics were adapted to explore the gut microbiome and fecal metabolites. RESULTS: An increase in richness and a dramatic deviation in composition were found in the gut microbiome in ICP. Decreased Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes abundances and increased Proteobacteria abundances were found in women with severe but not mild ICP compared to healthy pregnant women. Escherichia-Shigella and Lachnoclostridium abundances increased, whereas Ruminococcaceae abundance decreased in ICP group, especially in severe ICP group. The fecal metabolite composition and diversity presented typical variation in severe ICP. A significant increase in bile acid, formate and succinate levels and a decrease in butyrate and hypoxanthine levels were found in women with severe ICP. The MIMOSA model indicated that genera Ruminococcus gnavus group, Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, and Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group contributed significantly to the metabolism of hypoxanthine, which was significantly depleted in subjects with severe ICP. Genus Acinetobacter contributed significantly to formate metabolism, which was significantly enriched in subjects with severe ICP. CONCLUSIONS: Women with severe but not mild ICP harbored a unique gut microbiome and fecal metabolites compared to healthy controls. Based on these profiles, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome was involved in bile acid metabolism through metabolites, affecting ICP pathogenesis and development, especially severe ICP.

Design of hypoxia responsive CRISPR-Cas9 for target gene regulation.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system is a widely used gene-editing tool, offering unprecedented opportunities for treating various diseases. Controlling Cas9/dCas9 activity at specific location and time to avoid undesirable effects is very important. Here, we report a conditionally active CRISPR-Cas9 system that regulates target gene expression upon sensing cellular environmental change. We conjugated the oxygen-sensing transcription activation domain (TAD) of hypoxia-inducing factor (HIF-1α) with the Cas9/dCas9 protein. The Cas9-TAD conjugate significantly increased endogenous target gene cleavage under hypoxic conditions compared with that under normoxic conditions, whereas the dCas9-TAD conjugate upregulated endogenous gene transcription. Furthermore, the conjugate system effectively downregulated the expression of SNAIL, an essential gene in cancer metastasis, and upregulated the expression of the tumour-related genes HNF4 and NEUROD1 under hypoxic conditions. Since hypoxia is closely associated with cancer, the hypoxia-dependent Cas9/dCas9 system is a novel addition to the molecular tool kit that functions in response to cellular signals and has potential application for gene therapeutics.

Research on laser target dynamic tracking system with rotating polarization grating.

A micromechanical target tracking system based on polarization grating (PG) is designed to meet the conformal design of laser communication systems and to realize the lightweight and miniaturization of space laser communication networking. The rotating dual PGs are applied to the dynamic tracking of laser targets for the first time, the relationship between the target position and the dual polarization gratings (PGs) angles is defined, and the PG beam deflection multi-coordinate construction and decoupling are carried out. A dual PGs mathematical model was established, and a controller based on the dual PGs system loop was designed. After calibration and dynamic verification of the dual PGs, the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) tracking experiment is conducted for the first time, and the dual axis closed-loop tracking error of the dynamic target is within 300µrad (RMSE). The feasibility of dual PGs tracking formula, the feasibility of laser target fixed-point closed-loop control, and the dynamic closed-loop tracking performance are verified. In engineering applications, the dual PGs tracking system has guiding significance for realizing the lightweight and miniaturization of system integration, as well as the possibility to replace the traditional tracking control system.

Efficacy and safety of Tongdutiaoshen acupuncture on insomnia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: A randomized clinical trial protocol.

Background: Patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) experience insomnia frequently. Poor sleep quality impairs the quality of life and adversely affects long-term outcomes. Currently, the treatment of insomnia in patients undergoing MHD is mainly based on medication, although it has severe side effects and poor compliance in patients. Therefore, developing complementary and alternative therapies with higher efficacies is important. This study explores the clinical efficacy and safety of Tongdutiaoshen acupuncture in treating insomnia in patients with MHD. Methods: This randomized controlled trial (RCT) will be performed at Beijing Luhe Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University in China. We will strictly adhere to the Standards for Reporting Interventions in Clinical Trials of Acupuncture (2010). A total of 110 MHD patients with insomnia will be randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the drug control (DC) or Tongdutiaoshen acupuncture (TA) group. Patients in the control group will be administered estazolam tablets (1 mg/day) for four weeks, followed by a 4-week follow-up period. Based on the background therapy provided for the DC group, the TA group will be administered the interventional cohort three times a week for four weeks in a row, followed by a 4-week follow-up period. The primary endpoints will include the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), TCM Insomnia Syndrome Score, and clinical response rate, which will be evaluated on days 0, 14, 28, and 56. Secondary endpoints will include sleep data monitoring and related laboratory indices, which will be evaluated on days 0, 28, and 56, respectively. Discussion: This study is designed based on a rigorous methodology to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Tongdutiaoshen acupuncture for insomnia in patients undergoing hemodialysis. The findings of this trial will be published in peer-reviewed journals as reliable evidence. Trial registration: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2200061967. Registered on July 07, 2022.

A sensitive ratiometric fluorescence probe with a large spectral shift for sensing and imaging of palladium.

Palladium (Pd) is an important heavy metal with excellent catalytic properties and widely used in organic chemistry and the pharmaceutical industry. Efficient and convenient analytical techniques for Pd are urgently needed due to the hazardous effects of Pd on the environment and human health. Herein, we have developed five new ratiometric probes for the selective detection of Pd0 based on the Pd-catalyzed Tsuji-Trost reaction. Among them, the F-substituted probe PF-Pd showed the largest spectral shift (148 nm) and the most sensitive response (detection limit 2.11 nM). PF-Pd was employed to determine Pd0 in tap water or lake water samples, which presented satisfactory accuracy and precision. In addition, profiting from its distinct colorimetric response, visual detection of Pd0 was performed on PF-Pd loaded test strips or in field soil samples. Furthermore, fluorescence imaging of living 4T1 cells demonstrated that PF-Pd is suitable for imaging of intracellular Pd0. The good analytical performance of PF-Pd may enable it to be widely used in the convenient, rapid, sensitive and selective detection of Pd0 in environmental or biological analysis.

Monitoring and analysis of surface deformation in alpine valley areas based on multidimensional InSAR technology.

Joshimath has received much attention for its massive ground subsidence at the beginning of the year. Rapid urbanization and its unique geographical location may have been one of the factors contributing to the occurrence of this geological disaster. In high mountain valley areas, the complex occurrence mechanism and diverse disaster patterns of geological hazards highlight the inadequacy of manual monitoring. To address this problem, the inversion of deformation of the Joshimath surface in multiple directions can be achieved by multidimensional InSAR techniques. Therefore, in this paper, the multidimensional SBAS-InSAR technique was used to process the lift-track Sentinel-1 data from 2020 to 2023 to obtain the two-dimensional vertical and horizontal deformation rates and time series characteristics of the Joshimath ground surface. To discover the causes of deformation and its correlation with anthropogenic activities and natural disasters by analyzing the spatial and temporal evolution of surface deformation. The results show that the area with the largest cumulative deformation is located in the northeastern part of the town, with a maximum cumulative subsidence of 271.2 mm and a cumulative horizontal movement of 336.5 mm. The spatial distribution of surface deformation is based on the lower part of the hill and develops towards the upper part of the hill, showing a trend of expansion from the bottom to the top. The temporal evolution is divided into two phases: gentle to rapid, and it is tentatively concluded that the decisive factor that caused the significant change in the rate of surface deformation and the early onset of the geological subsidence hazard was triggered by the 4.7 magnitude earthquake that struck near the town on 11 September 2021.